GREENWASHING PADA PERUSAHAAN HIGH-PROFILE: PERAN MEDIA VISIBILITY, SUSTAINABILITY ASSURANCE, DAN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE

Abstrak

Greenwashing in high-impact industrial sectors is a growing global concern, particularly when corporate environmental disclosures fail to reflect actual environmental performance. This study examines the effects of media visibility, sustainability assurance, and environmental governance on greenwashing among high-profile firms in the energy and basic materials sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2022–2024. Unlike prior studies that predominantly rely on proprietary ESG databases such as Bloomberg and Refinitiv, this research offers novelty by developing a greenwashing measurement using publicly available national data. This is achieved through a gap analysis comparing environmental disclosure scores based on GRI 300 standards with environmental performance ratings from PROPER, issued by Indonesia's Ministry of Environment and Forestry. This approach addresses data accessibility constraints in emerging markets and supports broader replicability. Using panel data regression with a Fixed Effects Model on 120 firm-year observations from 40 sampled firms, the findings reveal that media visibility and sustainability assurance significantly curb greenwashing practices, while environmental governance shows no significant mitigating effect. These results suggest that external monitoring mechanisms are more effective than internal governance structures in reducing greenwashing in high-impact sectors. The publicly accessible measurement model developed here offers a practical, cost-effective alternative to commercial ESG databases for emerging-market researchers.